The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscular structure located in the chest cavity between the lungs and the stomach. It plays a vital role in the breathing process by constantly contracting and relaxing, which creates a vacuum that allows the lungs to expand with air. When it expands, the space vacated by the diaphragm leaves space for the lungs to expand when inhaling.

Muscular dystrophy is a term for describing several health problems that make one’s muscles weaker over time. It is caused by genetic abnormalities that stop the body from developing a specific protein necessary to build up the muscles. The condition leads to a loss of muscle mass, which, in turn, causes severe symptoms that last for the person’s entire life.

Breast reduction surgery (reduction mammaplasty) helps remove various elements from the breast, such as tissue and skin. The procedure is indicated for individuals with large breasts to ease discomfort. Those who opt for the surgery may also be able to participate in various physical activities. Before one signs up for the procedure, one must speak to a certified plastic surgeon to discuss all associated factors.

An echocardiogram is a medical imaging test used to evaluate heart health. The test uses sound waves to generate an image of the heart. The results offer insights into the heart’s internal structure and how blood flows. Echocardiograms help doctors look for indications of heart diseases, changes in heart function, and the impact of ongoing treatments (if any).

Migraine is now recognized as a “whole brain disease” that affects multiple neurological pathways. It causes symptoms such as mood changes, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, nausea, trouble sleeping, muscle weakness, vision changes, numbness, tingling, light sensitivity, and a throbbing or pulsing headache. It can be challenging to manage, so finding the right specialist is critical.

Graves, ophthalmopathy, and thyroid eye disease are different names for autoimmune conditions affecting the patient’s eyes and surrounding tissues. These conditions can cause a spectrum of eye problems considered signs of the disease. Identifying and understanding these signs can help patients seek timely diagnosis and treatment. It can also enable doctors to take their time and select the right course of treatment that can better manage the symptoms and preserve the patient’s ocular health.